PART I: USE THE ANSWER SHEET
[5 points per question;there may be a total of 10 questions]
Choose all the true statements below and darken the corresponding circle/s on the answer sheet.  You earn one point for each statement that you evaluate correctly as true or false.

 Question # 1:  On Athena (1)
 a) In numerous myths Athena is associated with nature and the countryside.
 b) Perseus, Heracles, and Jason achieved their heroic deeds with the protection and help of  Athena.
 c)  Arachne was punished by Minerva when she challenged the goddess to a weaving contest.
 d)  Hestia and Athena are both virgins, but Hestia is a goddess of the household, while Athena is primarily a goddess of the city.
 e)  Athena burst from the thigh of Zeus, wearing a warrior's spear and shield.

Question # 2: On Athena (2)
a) Athena invented the double reed (usually translated as "flute") and became the most important immortal who inspired the art of music.
b) The "Workers" were maidens who wove a new robe for the statue of Athena every year.
c) The priestess of Athena conducted a ritual on the Acropolis that included the carrying of something mysterious in a covered basket.  It has not been possible yet to relate this ritual to any known myth regarding the goddess.
d) The powers of Athena and her identification with "Mind" or "Intelligence" demonstrate that the ancient Greek culture was not male centered.
e)  The Muses were daughters of Memory but it was Athena who inspired the poets to perform their songs.
 

PART II:  Answer on this paper

Each name should be used once only.  Please follow the instructions: this part of the test will receive no points unless you use numbers.  [10 points]

(1) Ganymede ; (2) Hephaestus; (3) Demeter;  (4) Cecrops or Kekrops; (5) Apollodorus; (6) Hera; (7) epiphany; (8) Parthenos; (9) Hermes; (10) Eileithya

a. Hera was once bound to a magic throne made by  _____
b. _____  was a daughter of Zeus and Hera and a goddess of childbirth.
c. Zeus made love to  Maia and _____  was born from this union.
d. Variants of many myths are found in a book known as The Library of _____
e. _____  means "virgin," a name by which Athena was known.
f. _____  recovered her virginity every year when her statue was bathed in a river.
g. _____  of Zeus is lightning.
h. Semele was the mother of   _____
i.  Ceres was identified by the Romans with Demeter  _____
j. _____  is said to have been the first mythic king and founder of the city later named Athens.
 

PART III: SHORT ESSAYS

B. The second consort of Zeus was Themis ("Law" or "Ordinance").  Explain the significance of their offspring: the Seasons (divisions of the agricultural year), the Fates (who assigned the portion that each mortal receives in life).  Why are they daughters of Themis?  What does this myth represent that is important to human life? (75-100 words)
[10 points]

C.  Write a short essay on the god Hephaestus.  Point out which traits make him different from other gods, and discuss any contradictions or paradoxes you can see in his representation.
[150-200 words:  15 points]

• Follow instructions.  Do not write a lengthy answer when a short one is requested, or viceversa.

• Write in correct English:

Subjects and verbs must agree; the possessive case must be marked by the apostrophe (e.g. sg. father's, plural fathers').  The spelling of Greek names will not count toward your grade, but spelling of English words should be proper.

Avoid sentence fragments (a string of words without a verb).  Sometimes using a comma instead of a period will avoid the problem: e.g. "He could not win the first prize.  This contest being the greatest challenge of the festival." includes a sentence fragment.  "He could not win the first prize, this contest being the greatest challenge of the festival" without being an example of excellent style, avoids the fragment.

Do not create "run-ons."   We call thus a string where the writer begins one structure, then branches out into another, and another, and another, until the general structure (if it ever existed) dissipates.  No one can understand it.  Write short, simple sentences.

Avoid the constant use of English participles and gerunds ("-ing" words).  "I criticize some doers of writing for not carrying out the deed of examining their lexicology," is gibberish; if I say "I fault some writers because they do not examine the vocabulary they use," you can understand me.  Participles should not "dangle."  They must refer to the subject of the sentence where you employ them.  For example, "Considering the violence of his actions... he was condemned," is wrong, because he is not the one considering; "Considering the violence of his actions... the jury condemned him." is correct, because "considering" refers to the jury.

Do not use sophisticated words if you are not sure of their meaning.  Do not express all your thoughts in the form of "X is Y," or "There is ..."

• You have an hour (SUMMER STUDENTS: AN HOUR AND A HALF) to finish this test.  Do not run off after scribbling answers in poor style, having given no thought to the questions.  Reread your answers and edit them.