Total vocabulary (Lessons 1-12). Alphabetical.
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Αα Ββ Γγ Δδ Εε Ζζ Ηη Θθ Ιι Κκ Λλ Μμ
Νν Ξξ Οο Ππ Ῥῥ Σσ Ττ Υυ Φφ Χχ Ψψ Ωω
ἀγαθοποιέω > ῶ, -ήσω = to do good, to do what is right and proper
ἀγαθός, ή, όν = good, brave
ἄγαλμα, ἀγάλματος, τό = statue, image (especially of a god)
ἀγγέλλω, ἀγγελέω > ἀγγελῶ, ἤγγειλα = to announce
ἄγγελος, ου, ὁ = messenger
ἅγιος, α, ον = holy
ἄγνοια, ας, ἡ = ignorance
ἀγορά, ᾶς, ἡ = townsquare, place of civic assembly
ἄγω, ἄξω = to lead; ἄγομαι = to lead away, take for oneself
ἀγωνίζομαι, ἀγωνιοῦμαι, ἠγωνισάμην = to compete
ἀδελφός, οῦ, ὁ = brother
ἀδικέω > ῶ, -ήσω, ἠδίκησα = to wrong (someone), commit a crime
ἀδικία, ας, ἡ = injustice
ἄδικος, ον = unjust
ἀεί / αἰεί = always
ἀθάνατος, ον = immortal
ἀθλητής, οῦ, ὁ = athlete
Ἀθῆναι, Ἀθηνῶν, αἱ = Athens
Ἀθηναῖος, α, ον = Athenian
ᾍδης, ου, ὁ = Hades, both the underworld and its god
Αἰνείας, ου, ὁ = Aeneas
αἴνιγμα, αἰνίγματος, τό = riddle. Cf enigma
αἱρέω > ῶ, ῄσω = to take, conquer; αἱρέομαι > αἱροῦμαι = to choose
αἰσθάνομαι, αἰσθήσομαι = to perceive (through the senses). Cf aesthetic.
αἰχμάλωτος, ου, ὁ = prisoner of war
αἰών, αἰῶνος, ὁ, ἡ = span of life, age, period, eternity
ἀκούω, ἀκούσομαι, ἤκουσα = to hear (something in the acc, someone in the gen)
ἄκων, ἄκουσα, ἄκον = unwilling (because it is used most often predicatively, it needs to be translated as “unwillingly”)
ἀληθῶς = truly
ἀλλά = but
ἀλλάσσω (Att -ττω), ἀλλάξω, ἤλλαξα = to change (someone or something into something else); ἀλλάσσομαι = to exchange something (acc) for something else (gen)
ἄλλος, η, ο = another. Declined as a Type 1 adjective, except for the neuter singular ending in ο rather than ον. Cf. ἐκεῖνος, η, ο.
ἅλς, ἁλός, ὁ = salt; ἅλς, ἁλός, ἡ = the sea
ἁμαρτάνω, ἁμαρτήσομαι = to act wrongly; in koinę Greek, to sin
ἁμαρτία, ἁμαρτίας, ἡ = in ancient Greek, error, crime ; in koinę, sin
ἀμείβω, -ψω, ἤμειψα = to exchange; ἀμείβομαι = to alternate with one another
ἄμπελος, ου, ἡ = vine
ἀμύνω, ἀμυνέω > ῶ = to ward off; ἀμύνομαι = to defend oneself
ἀνά + acc = up along
ἀναβαίνω = to walk up or upon, embark
ἀνάγκη, ης, ἡ = necessity
ἀνάπαυλα, ης, ἡ = rest, pause
ἀνδρεῖος, α, ον = brave, manly
ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, ὁ = man
ἄνθρωπος, ου, ὁ = man (human being: ἡ ἄνθρωπος means the woman)
ἀνόσιος, ον = unholy
ἀντί + gen = opposite, instead of
ἄξιος, α, ον (+ gen) = worthy
ἀοιδός, οῦ, ὁ = bard
ἀπό + gen = away from
ἀποκαλύπτω, ἀποκαλύψω, ἀπεκάλυψα = reveal (cf καλύπτω = conceal)
ἀποκρίνομαι, ἀποκρινέομαι > ἀποκρινοῦμαι, ἀπεκρινάμην = to answer
ἀποκτείνω, ἀποκτενέω > ῶ, απέκτεινα = to kill
ἀπορία, ας, ἡ = straits, lack of a solution
ἀπόστολος, ου, ὁ = apostle
ἆρα often introduces a question. It should not be translated.
ἄργυρος, ου, ὁ = silver
ἀρετή, ῆς, ἡ = excellence, virtue, courage
ἀρχή, ῆς, ἡ = beginning, rule
ἄρχω, ἄρξω, ἦρξα = rule, govern (takes a complement in the Genitive)
ἄρχων, ἄρχοντος, ὁ = ruler
ἀσέβεια, ας, ἡ = unholiness
ἀσθενέω > ῶ = to be weak, ill
ἀσπάζομαι, ἀσπάσομαι = to welcome kindly, embrace
αὔριον = tomorrow
βαίνω, βήσομαι = to walk, come, go; cf ἀναβαίνω = to walk up or upon, embark, διαβαίνω = to cross; καταβαίνω = to walk, go down; παραβαίνω = to walk along
βάλλω, βαλέω > ῶ = to throw; κατα-βάλλω = to throw down
βαπτίζω, -σω = to baptize, immerse
βασιλεία, βασιλείας, ἡ = kingdom
βία, ας, ἡ = act of violence
βίος, ου, ὁ = life
βλάπτω, βλάψω, ἔβλαψα = to harm
βλέπω, βλέψω, ἔβλεψα (ἐς, εἰς + acc) = to look; προσβλέπω (+ acc ) = to look at
βούλομαι, βουλήσομαι = to want. Compare Latin volo, English "voluntary."
βωμός, οῦ, ὁ = altar
γαλαθηνόν, οῦ, τό = (adjective used as a noun) sucking animal
γάρ (postpositive particle) = English conjunction “for.” It points to a causal connection without introducing a dependent clause)
γενναίος, α, ον = noble; (of an animal) thoroughbred
γένος, γένους, τό = descent, nation, “race”
γέρων, γέροντος, ὁ = old man
γεύω, γεύσω, ἔγευσα = to give someone a taste of something; γεύομαι = to taste
γεωργός, οῦ, ὁ = farmer
γῆ, γῆς, ἡ = earth
γίγας, γίγαντος, ὁ = giant
γί(γ)νομαι, γενήσομαι = to become / come to be or be born
γί(γ)νώσκω, γνώσομαι = to recognize, know
γνώμη, ης, ἡ = proverb, opinion
γραφή, ῆς, ἡ = writ, indictment
γράφω, -ψω, ἔγραψα = to draw, write; γράφομαι = to indict
γυμνάζω, -σω, ἐγύμνασα = to train (someone); γυμνάζομαι = to train (oneself), to exercise
γυνή, γυναικός, ἡ = woman, wife
γωνία, ας, ἡ = corner
δανειστής, οῦ, ὁ = money-lender
δέ (postpositive particle) = “and” or “but” depending on the context
δεῖ //It// is necessary. This is an impersonal verb that may take an infinitive or a noun clause as its subject.
δειλός, ή, όν = cowardly
δεινός, ή, όν = terrible / wondrous
δένδρον, ου, τό = tree, plant
δέομαι = to need (+ gen). This verb only contracts ε + ε, η, ει but the forms where it encounters ο, ω, ου remain uncontracted.
δεῦρο = hereto, here ("hither")
δέχομαι, δέξομαι, ἐδεξάμην = to receive, welcome
δημοκρατία, ας, ἡ = democracy
δεσπότης, ου, ὁ = master
δή (postpositive) = indeed, certainly, in fact
διά + acc = on account of; + gen = through, across
διαβαίνω = to cross
διάκονος, ου, ὁ = servant, deacon
διαλέγομαι, διαλέξομαι, διελεξάμην = to discuss, converse
διαφέρω, διοίσω = to carry over, to differ
διαφθείρω, διαφθερέω > ῶ διέφθειρα = to ruin, destroy
διαφορά, ᾶς, ἡ = difference, dispute
διδάσκαλος, ου, ὁ = teacher
διδάσκω, διδάξω, ἐδίδαξα = to teach. The future and the first aorist are based on the present stem minus the σ.
δίκαιος, α, ον = just, righteous
δικαίως = justly
δίκη, ης, ἡ = justice
διότι = because (διά + ὅτι)
διώκω, διώξω, ἐδίωξα = to chase, pursue
δόξα, δόξης, ἡ = reputation, glory
δουλεύω, δουλεύσω, ἐδούλευσα = to be enslaved to (+ dat)
δοῦλος, ου, ὁ = slave
δράκων, δράκοντος, ὁ = snake, dragon
Δράκων, Δράκοντος, ὁ = Draco, said to have established harsh laws in Athens.
δῶρον, ου, τό = gift
δώσω = future of δίδωμι. The present system of this verb is not studied in this course.
ἐγείρω, ἐγερέω > ῶ, ἤγειρα = to awaken
ἐγκωμιάζω, -σω = to praise
ἐγώ = I
ἐθέλω / θέλω, ἐθηλήσω = to wish, to be willing to
εἰ = if; εἰ καί = even if
εἰμί, ἔσομαι, ἦν (imperfect) = to be
εἰρήνη, ης, ἡ = peace
εἷς, μία, ἕν (gen ἑνός, μιᾶς, ἑνός ) = the number one
εἰσίν = they are
εἰς / ἐς + acc = to, toward, into
εἰσέρχομαι = to enter
εἰσφέρω = bring in, introduce
ἐκ + gen = out of
ἐκεῖνοι, αι, α = "those...," they (the plural nominative of ἐκεῖνος,, η, ο)
ἐκεῖνος, η, ο = "that man," "that one," he
ἐκκλησία, ας, ἡ = assembly; (later) church
ἐλεέω, ἐλεήσω = to pity, to have pity on
ἐλευθερία, ας, ἡ = freedom
ἐλευθηρόω > ῶ, ἐλευθηρώσω, ἠλευθήρωσα = to free, liberate (We are not studying this type of contract verb yet)
ἐλπίζω, ἐλπιέω > ἐλπιῶ, ἤλπισα = to expect (something good = to hope, or something bad)
ἐλπίς, ἐλπίδος, ἡ = expectation (good, i. e. hope, or bad)
ἐμμένω, ἐμμενέω > ῶ, ἐνέμεινα = to abide by + Dative
ἐμός, ή, όν = my (possessive adjective)
ἐν + dat = in, at
ἐξέρχομαι (ἐκ + ἔρχομαι) = come or go out of (+ gen)
ἔξεστι(ν) = it is permitted, possible (impersonal verb)
ἐξῆν, imperfect of ἔξεστι(ν) = it was permitted, possible
ἐπεί, ἐπειδή = after, when, since
ἐπί + gen = upon
ἐπιθυμία, ας, ἡ = desire
ἐπικαλέομαι > ἐπικαλοῦμαι = to call on
ἐπιστολή, ῆς, ἡ = epistle, letter
ἐργάζομαι, -σομαι, εἰργασάμην = to work
ἔργον, ἔργου, τό = work, deed
Ἑρμῆς, οῦ, ὁ = Hermes, a Greek god
Ἔρως, Ἔρωτος, ὁ = Love
ἔρχομαι, ἐλεύσομαι = to come or go. In Attic the independent irregular verb εἶμι served as the future. In this course we do not study the conjugation to which εἶμι belongs (athematic or -μι verbs)
ἔρως, ἔρωτος, ὁ = love
ἐρωτάω > ῶ, ἐρωτήσω, ἠρώτησα = to ask
ἐσθίω, ἔδομαι = to eat
ἔστησα = "I made to stand," set up. The present ἵστημι belongs to another (more difficult!) conjugation and will not be included in this course. The future and first aorist belong to the thematic conjugation that we are studying.
ἐστίν = (he, she, it) is
ἕτερος, α, ον = the other (of two); different
ἔτι = still
εὐαγγέλιον, ου, τό = gospel
εὐδαίμων, εὔδαιμον = fortunate
εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω = to find, discover
εὐτέλεια, ας, ἡ = thrift, frugality
εὐχή, ῆς, ἡ = prayer
εὐχαριστέω > ῶ = give thanks (+ dat complement)
εὔχομαι, εὔξομαι, εὐξάμην / ηὐξάμην = to pray
ἔφη = he said; cf. φημί
ἐχθρός, ά, όν = inimical
ἔχω, ἕξω = to have
ζάω > ζῶ, ζήσω, ἔζησα = to live
ἤ = or
ἡγεμών, ἡγεμόνος, ὁ = leader
ἡγέομαι > ἡγοῦμαι, ἡγήσομαι, ἡγησάμην = to lead the way, suppose, deem
ἡδονή, ῆς, ἡ = pleasure
ἥκω = the present should be translated as if it were a perfect, i.e. "to have come"
ἡμέρα, ας, ἡ = day
ἡμεῖς = we
ἦν = he, she, it was (imperfect of ἐστίν)
ἦπαρ, ἤπατος, τό = liver
Ἡραῖον, ου, τό = temple of the goddess Hera
θάλασσα (Att -ττα), ης, ἡ = sea
θάνατος, ου, ὁ = death
θαρσέω > ῶ, θαρσήσω = to take courage
θαυμάζω, -σω, ἐθαύμασα = to admire, wonder at
θαυμαστός, ή, όν = admirable
θεά, ᾶς, ἡ = goddess
θέλημα, θελήματος, τό = will (cf. ἐθέλω)
θεός, οῦ, ὁ = god, God
θεραπεύω, -σω, ἐθεράπευσα = to heal, care for
θηρίον, ου, τό = wild animal, beast
θησαυρός, οῦ, ὁ = treasury
θόρυβος, ου, ὁ = tumult
θρηνέω > ῶ, θρηνήσω = to wail, lament
θυσία, ας, ἡ = sacrifice
θύω, θύσω, ἔθυσα = to offer sacrifice
ἰατρός, οῦ, ὁ = doctor
ἰδού (interjection) = behold!
ἱδρύω, -σω, ἵδρυσα = to establish, build
ἱερόν, οῦ, τό = temple
ἱκανός, ή, όν = sufficient
Ἰησοῦς, Ἰησοῦ, ὁ = Jesus. A contract noun, to be studied later
Ἰορδάνης, ου, ὁ = the Jordan river
ἵππος, ου, ὁ = horse
Ἰωάν(ν)ης = John
καθαρός, ά, όν = pure
καί = and; (as adverb) = also, too; καί...καί = both... and
κακοποιέω > ῶ, κακοποιήσω = to do harm, do what is wrong
κακός, ή, όν = bad, cowardly, evil
κακῶς = badly
καλός, ή, όν = fine, noble
καλῶς = well, beautifully
καρδία, ας, ἡ = heart
κατά + acc = down along, throughout, according to; + gen = down from
καταβαίνω = to walk, go down
καταβάλλω = to throw down
καταγγέλλω, καταγγελῶ, κατήγγειλα (cf. ἀγγέλλω) = to announce, proclaim
κατήγορος, ου, ὁ = accuser, prosecutor
κελεύω, -σω, ἐκέλευσα = to command, bid
κεφαλή, ῆς, ἡ = head
κῆρυξ, κήρυκος, ὁ = herald
κινδυνεύω, σω = to run a risk
κλέπτω, κλέψω, ἔκλεψα = to steal
κλίνη, ης, ἡ = couch, bed
κλώψ, κλωπός, ὁ = thief
κοινός, ή, όν = common
κολάζω, -σω, ἐκόλασα = to punish
κομίζω, κομιέω > ῶ, ἐκόμισα = to bring to a place
κόραξ, κόρακος, ὁ = raven or crow
κόρη, ης, ἡ = girl
κόσμος, ου, ὁ = world
κοτύλη, ης, ἡ = cup
κραυγή, ῆς, ἡ = shouts, a shouting
κρίνω, κρινέω > ῶ, ἔκρινα = to judge
κύριος, ου, ὁ = master, lord
Κῦρος, ου, ὁ = Cyrus
κωλύω, -σω, ἐκώλυσα = to prevent
κωφός, ή, όν = dumb, stupid
λαλέω > ῶ, λαλήσω = to chatter, talk
λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον = to take, receive
λαμπάς, λαμπάδος, ἡ = torch, lamp
λέγω, ἐρέω > ἐρῶ, εἶπον (Later, and therefore mostly in koinę, regular principal parts, λέγω, λέξω, ἔλεξα; were used; also the first asigmatic aorist εἶπα that developed from the stem of the second aorist) = to say, speak. Note this exception: εἶπον, against the rule that says that there is augment only in the indicative mood, retains its augment in the other moods, as well as in the infinitive and participle. The imperative has a special accent: εἰπέ.
λείβω, -ψω, ἔλειψα = to pour
λέων, λέοντος, ὁ = lion
λίθος, ου, ὁ = rock, stone
λόγος, ου, ὁ = story, reason; in Biblical Greek = word
λούω, -σω, ἔλουσα = to wash
λύπη, ης, ἡ = grief
λύω, -σω, ἔλυσα = to untie, free, solve
μαθητής, οῦ, ὁ = student, disciple
μακάριος, α, ον = blissful, blessed
μακρός, ά, όν = large, great
μάλιστα = mostly
μᾶλλον (comparative adverb) = more, rather
μανθάνω, μαθήσομαι = to learn
μαρτυρέω > ῶ, -ήσω, ἐμαρτύρησα = to bear witness
μέγιστος, η, ον = very great, the greatest
μέσος, η, ον = middle
μικρός, ά, όν = small
μέν ... δέ = when used as a pair of correlatives, they may connect or contrast two elements. They may be translated literally as "on the one hand"..."on the other hand."
μέντοι (postpositive) = nevertheless
μένω, μενέω > ῶ, ἔμεινα = to wait, remain
μετά + acc = after; + gen = with
μή = no, not (used instead of οὐ with the Imperative)
Μίλων , ος, ὁ = Milon of Croton
μόνον = only
Μοῦσα, Μούσης, ἡ = Muse, one of the nine goddesses who protected arts and sciences
μύωψ, μύωπος, ὁ = gadfly
ναύτης, ου, ὁ = sailor
νεανίας, ου, ὁ = young man
νέος, α, ον = new, young
νῆσος, ου, ἡ = island
νικάω > νικῶ, νικήσω, ἐνίκησα = to win (a battle), defeat (an adversary)
νομίζω, νομιέω > ῶ, ἐνόμισα = to consider, deem; to believe in the existence of (with a DO)
νόμος, ου, ὁ = tradition, law
νοσέω > ῶ, νοσήσω = to be ill
νόσος, ου, ἡ = disease
νότος, ου, ὁ = the back
νοῦς, νοῦ, ὁ = mind, intellect
νύξ, νυκτός, ἡ = night
ξένος, ου, ὁ = guest / host, stranger. Cf. xenophobia
Ξενοφῶν, Ξενοφῶντος, ὁ = Xenophon, 4th century BCE historian
ξόανον, ου, τό = carved image
ὁ, ἡ, τό (article) = the
ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε = this
ὁδός, οῦ, ἡ = way, journey (exception in the 2nd declension: feminine)
ὀδούς, ὀδόντος, ὁ = tooth
οἴκαδε = “home” in the sense of “homeward”
οἰκέω > ῶ, οἰκήσω, ᾤκησα = to dwell in, inhabit (takes a D O)
οἰκέτης, ου, ὁ = member of the household, including slaves; pl = women and children
οἰκία, ας, ἡ or οἶκος, ου, ὁ = house
οἴκοι = at home
οἰκτείρω, οἰκτιρέω > ῶ, ᾤκτιρα = to pity, have pity upon
οἶνος, οἴνου, ὁ = wine
οἴομαι, οἰήσομαι = to suppose, think, believe
ὅλος, η, ον = entire, whole
ὄναρ, ὄνατος. τό = dream
ὀνειδίζω, ὀνειδιέω > ῶ, ὠνείδισα = to reproach, upbraid
ὄνομα, ὀνόματος, τό = name
ὀνομάζω, -σω, ὠνόμασα = to name
ὄνος, ου, ὁ = donkey
ὄνυξ, ὄνυχος, ὁ = claw, nail
ὅπλον, ου, τό = weapon
ὀργή, ῆς, ἡ = wrath, anger
ὀρθός, ή, όν = straight, correct
ὀργίζομαι, ὀργιοῦμαι = to get angry
ὁρίζω, ὁριέω > ῶ, ὥρισα = to separate from, delimit
ὅρκος, ου, ὁ = oath, pledge
ὄρνις, ὄρνιθος, ὁ, ἡ = bird
ὅτε = when
ὅτι = that (conjunction), because
οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ = no, not
οὐδέ = not even
οὐδείς, οὐδεμία, οὐδέν = no one, nothing. Note that the masculine and the neuter belong to the 3rd declension, while the feminine belongs to the 1st declension. The general stem of masc and neuter is οὐδεν-, genitive οὐδενός. When used as adjective, the English equivalent is “no…”
οὐκέτι = no longer, not any more
οὖν = therefore
οὔποτε / μήποτε = never
οὐρανός, οῦ, ὁ = sky, heaven
οὔτε ... οὔτε = neither... nor
οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο = this / that
οὕτως / οὕτω = thus, so
ὄχλος, ου, ὁ = crowd
παιδίον, ου, τό = child
παίζω, παίξομαι, ἔπαισα / ἔπαιξα = to play
παῖς, παιδός, ὁ, ἡ = boy, girl
παίω, -σω, ἔπαισα = to strike
παρά + acc = toward (the side of), by, along; + gen = from (the side of); + dat = at, next to (the side of), with
παραβαίνω = to walk along
παράδεισος, ου, ὁ = garden, paradise
παραφρονέω > ῶ = to be deranged
πάρειμι (παρά + εἰμί) = to be present
παρέχω, παρέξω = to provide (cf. ἔχω)
παροιμία, ας, ἡ = proverb
πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν (gen. παντός, πάσης, παντός = all, every
πατήρ, πατρός, ὁ = father
πατρίς, πατρίδος, ἡ = fatherland
παύω, -σω, ἔπαυσα = to stop (someone or something); παύομαι = to cease, come to a halt
πεδίον, ου, τό = plain, field
πείθω, -σω, ἔπεισα = to persuade; πείθομαι = to listen to, obey (someone in the dative)
πέμπω, -ψω, ἔπεμψα = to send
περί + acc = around; + gen = concerning
Περικλῆς, -έους, ὁ = Pericles. This name is (just as Σωκράτης, -τους) a contracted noun of the 3rd declension, of a type that we have not studied yet. Note acc Περικλέα, voc Περίκλεις.
Πέρσης, ου, ὁ = a Persian
πέτρα, ας, ἡ = rock, crag
πηγή, ῆς, ἡ = spring, source
πίνω = to drink
πιστεύω, -σω, ἐπίστευσα = to trust, believe in
πίστις, πίστεως, ἡ = faith. A vowel stem of the 3rd declension, not studied yet.
πλατεῖα, πλατείας, ἡ = wide road, street
πλοῖον, ου, τό = ship
πλούσιος, α, ον = rich
πνεῦμα, πνεύματος, τό = breath
πόθεν; = wherefrom?, (the old fashioned "whence")?
ποῖ =
whereto (the old fashioned "whither")?
ποιέω, ποιήσω, ἐποίησα
= to do, make
ποιητής, οῦ, ὁ = poet
ποιμήν, ποιμένος, ὁ = shepherd
πόλεμος, ου, ὁ = war
πόλις, πόλεως, ἡ = city-state. A vowel stem of the 3rd declension, not studied yet.
πολιτεύω / πολιτεύομαι = to be a citizen
πολίτης, ου, ὁ = citizen
πολλάκις = (adverb) often
πονέω > πονῶ, πονήσω, ἐπόνησα = to toil
πόνος, ου, ὁ = toil, labor
πορεύω, -σω, ἐπόρευσα = to ferry; πορεύομαι, -σομαι = to go, march, travel
ποταμός, οῦ, ὁ = river
πότε; = when?
ποῦ; = where?
πούς, ποδός, ὁ = foot
πρᾶγμα, πράγματος, τό = deed, thing, matter, affair
πρίν + infinitive = before
πρό + gen = in front of, before
προ-αγορεύω, -σω, προ-ηγόρευσα = to advise beforehand
πρόβατον, ου, τό = any four-footed animal; in the pl = cattle, especially a flock of sheep.
πρός + acc = toward; (especially in koinę Greek) = in order to; + gen = from; + dat = next to
προσβλέπω = to look at (+ acc)
προσ-εύχομαι = to address in prayer, pray to
προ-φέρω = to bring forth (cf. φέρω).
πρῶτον = (adverb) first, firstly
πρῶτος. η, ον = first
προφήτης, ου, ὁ = prophet
πῶς; = how?
ῥήτωρ, ῥήτορος, ὁ = orator, politician
ῥίπτω, ῥίψω, ἔῤῥιψα = to throw on the ground, cast out
σάββατον, ου, τό = the Sabbath
σάλπιγξ, σάλπιγγος, ἡ = trumpet
σάρξ, σαρκός, τό = flesh, meat
σέβω, σέψω, later σέβομαι = to worship, be pious
σῆμα, σήματος, τό = tomb, sign
σημαίνω, σημανῶ, ἐσήμηνα = to give a sign, to signal
σιγή, ῆς, ἡ = silence
σιτίον, ου, τό = (especially in the pl) food, provisions
σῖτος, ου, ὁ = food
σκηνή, ῆς, ἡ = tent
σκιά, ᾶς, ἡ = shadow
Σόλων, Σόλωνος, ὁ = Solon, famous Athenian laww-giver
σοφός, ή, όν = wise
σπουδάζω, σπουδάσομαι = to be earnest, to pursue earnestly
στάδιον, ου, τό = stadium and the standard length thereof, a stade (app. 607 ft)
στρατιά, ᾶς, ἡ = army
στρατιώτης, ου, ὁ = soldier
σύ = you (sg)
σύμμαχος, ου, ὁ = ally
σύν + dat = with
συναγογή, ῆς, ἡ = gathering, place of meeting, synagogue
συν-αθροίζω, -σω, συν-ήθροισα = to gather together
συνοικέω > ῶ (σύν + οἰκέω = to live together (as man an wife). It takes a complement in the dative.
σῴζω, -σω, ἔσῳσα = to save
Σωκράτης, Σωκράτους, ὁ = Socrates. a contracted noun of the 3rd declension, of a type that we have not studied yet.
σῶμα, σώματος, τό = body
σωτήρ, σωτῆρος, ὁ = savior
ταῦρος, ου, ὁ = bull
τε (always postpositive) = and
τε ... τε (both postpositive) = both... and
τεκμήριον, ου, τό = proof, witness
τέκνον, ου, τό = child
τελευτή, ῆς, ἡ = end
τέλος, τέλους, τό = end, goal. A contracted stem of the 3rd declension, not studied yet.
τέχνη, ης, ἡ = art, skill, cunning device
τίνω, τίσω, ἔτισα = to honor
τίς, τί = who? what? which?
τις, τι = someone, something; anyone, anything
τόλμα, ης, ἡ = courage, daring
τόπος, ου, ὁ = place
τότε = at that time
τρέπω, τρέψω, ἔτρεψα = to turn (someone or something); τρέπομαι = to turn (intransitive, “turn oneself”)
τρέφω, θρέψω, ἔθρεψα = to nourish
τρέχω, δραμέομαι > δραμοῦμαι = to run
τρίτος, η, ον = third
τύραννος, ου, ὁ = ruler, tyrant
τύχη, ης, ἡ = chance, fortune, destiny
ὑβρίζω, ὑβριέω > ῶ, ὕβρισα = to act with wanton violence, outrage
ὕδωρ, ὕδατος, τὸ (neuter of the 3rd declension, not studied yet) = water
υἱός, υἱοῦ, ὁ = son
ὕλη, ης, ἡ = wood
ὑμεῖς = you (pl)
ὕπνος, ου, ὁ = sleep
ὑπό + acc = moving toward the foot or base of (a tree, a mountain) ; + gen = by the personal agent of a passive verb; + dat = at the base or foot of
ὑποκριτής, οῦ, ὁ = actor, hypocrite
ὑποπτεύω = to suspect, anticipate
φαίνω, φανέω > ῶ, ἔφηνα = to show, make visible; φαίνομαι = to appear
φάλαγξ, φάλαγγος, ἡ = battle-array, phalanx
φανερόω > ῶ, φανερώσω = make visible, reveal
Φαρισαῖος, α, ον = Pharisee
φάρμακον, ου, τό = drug, remedy
φέρω, οἴσω = to bring, carry, bear
φεύγω, φεύξομαι = to flee, shun
φημί, φήσω, ἔφησα = to say. A type of verbs not studied in this course. Know the forms: φημί = I say; φησί= he says; ἔφην = I said; ἔφη = he said
φθόνος, ου, ὁ = envy, jealousy
φίλος, ου, ὁ = friend
φοβέω > ῶ, -ήσω = to frighten / fear; φοβέομαι > φοβοῦμαι = to fear
φρήν, φρηνός, ἡ = diaphragm, mind
φύλαξ, φύλακος, ὁ = herald
φυλάσσω (Att -ττω), φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα = to guard, protect; φυλάσσομαι = to defend oneself
χαλεπός, ή, όν = harsh, difficult
χαρά, ᾶς, ἡ = joy
χάρις, χάριτος, ἡ = grace
χειμών, χειμῶνος, ὁ = winter, storm
χορεύω, χορεύσω = to dance
χρήσιμος, η, ον = useful
Χριστός, οῦ, ὁ = Christ
χρυσός, οῦ, ὁ = gold
χρυσοῦς, ῆ, οῦν = golden (a contract adjective)
χώρα, ας, ἡ = land, countryside
ψεύδομαι, ψεύσομαι, ἐψευσάμην = to lie (tell a lie). Cf pseudo- in English.
ψυχή, ῆς, ἡ = breath of life, spirit, ghost; (later) soul
ὥρα, ας, ἡ = season, hour
ὠφελέω > ῶ, ὠφελήσω, ὠφήλησα = to help
ὡς / ὥσπερ = as, just as
