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Vocabulary in Lessons 1-5

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ὁ, ἡ, τό  = the

Nouns  

ἀδελφή, ῆς, ἡ = sister

ἀδελφός, οῦ, ὁ = brother

ἀδικία, ας, ἡ = injustice

Αἵδης, ου, ὁ = Hades, both the underworld and its god

Αἰνείας, ου, ὁ  = Aeneas (mythic Trojan hero said to have founded Rome)

ἄνθρωπος, ου, ὁ  = man (human being:  ἡ ἄνθρωπος means the woman)

ἀπορία, ας, ἡ = straits, lack of a solution

ἀρετή, ῆς, ἡ = excellence, virtue, courage

βίος, ου, ὁ  = life

γεωργός, οῦ, ὁ  = farmer

γλῶσσα, ης, ἡ (Attic γλῶττα) = tongue, language

γνώμη, ης, ἡ = proverb, opinion

δένδρον, ου, τό = tree, plant

δέσποινα, ης, ἡ = lady, mistress

δεσπότης, ου, ὁ = master

διδάσκαλος, ου, ὁ  = teacher

δίκη, ης, ἡ = justice

Διογένης, ὁ = Diogenes (a philosopher).  Noun of the 3rd declension, not studied yet.

δόξα, ης, ἡ = glory, reputation

δοῦλος, ου, ὁ  = slave

δῶρον, ου, τό  = gift

εὐαγγέλιον, ου, τό = gospel

εἰρήνη, ης, ἡ = peace

ἐκκλησία, ας, ἡ = assembly; (later) church

ἔργον, ου, τό = work, deed

Ἑρμῆς, οῦ, ὁ = Hermes, a Greek god

εὐτέλεια, ας, ἡ = thrift, frugality

ἡδονή, ῆς, ἡ = pleasure

ἡμέρα, ας, ἡ = day

ἡσυχία, ας, ἡ = tranquility

θάλασσα (Attic dialect θάλαττα), ης, ἡ = sea

θάνατος, ου, ὁ = death

θεά, ᾶς, ἡ = goddess

θεός, οῦ, ὁ = god, God

θηρίον, ου, τό = wild animal, beast

θησαυρός, οῦ, ὁ = treasury

ἰατρός, οῦ, ὁ = doctor

ἱερόν, οῦ, τό = temple

ἵππος, ου, ὁ = horse

Ἰωάν(ν)ης, ου, ὁ  = John

καρδία, ας, ἡ = heart

κόρη, ης, ἡ = girl  

κοτύλη, ης, ἡ = cup

κραυγή, ῆς, ἡ = shouts, a shouting

κύριος, ου, ὁ = master, lord

λίθος, ου, ὁ = rock, stone

λόγος, ου, ὁ = story, reason; in Biblical Greek = word

λύπη, ης, ἡ = grief

μαθητής, οῦ, ὁ = student, disciple

Μοῦσα, ης, ἡ = Muse, one of the nine goddesses who protected arts and sciences

ναύτης, ου, ὁ = sailor

νεανίας, ου, ὁ = young man

νῆσος, ου, ἡ = island  (exception in the 2nd declension: feminine noun)

ὁδός, οῦ, ἡ = way, journey (exception in the 2nd declension: feminine noun)

οἰκία, ας, ἡ or οἶκος, ου, ὁ = house

παιδίον, ου, τό = child

παράδεισος, ου, ὁ = garden, paradise

πεδίον, ου, τό = plain, field

πέτρα, ας, ἡ = rock, crag

ποιητής, οῦ, ὁ = poet

πολίτης, ου, ὁ = citizen

πόλεμιος, ου, ὁ = enemy

πόλεμος, ου, ὁ = war

πόνος, ου, ὁ = toil, labor

σιγή, ῆς, ἡ = silence

σῖτος, , ου, ὁ = food

τέκνον, ου, τό = child

τέχνη, ης, ἡ = art, skill, cunning device

τόλμα, ης, ἡ = courage, daring

τύχη, ης, ἡ = chance, fortune, destiny

υἱός, οῦ, ὁ = son

ὕλη, ης, ἡ = forest, wood

ὕπνος, ου, ὁ = sleep

φίλος, ου, ὁ  = friend

χαρά, ᾶς, ἡ = joy

χερσί(ν) (dative plural of χείρ, χειρός, ἡ, 3rd declension) = “with the hands”

Χριστός, οῦ, ὁ  = Christ

= breath of life, spirit, ghost, (later) soul 

Verbs

ἄγω, ἄξω  = to lead

ἀκούω = to hear  

ἄρχω, ἄρξω  = to begin, to rule

βαίνω = to go, walk; ἀναβαίνω = to walk up or upon, embark;  διαβαίνω = cross.   

βάλλω = to throw

βλέπω, βλέψω = to look (ἐς, εἰς + acc)

γράφω, γράψω = to draw, write

διαβαίνω = to cross

διαφέρω = to carry over, to differ

διδάσκω = to teach

διώκω = to chase, pursue

ἐγκωμιάζω -σω  = to praise

εἰσίν = they are

ἐστίν  = (he, she, it) is

ἔχω = to have

ἦν = I / he, she, it was (imperfect of ἐστίν)

θεραπεύω  = to heal, care for

θύω, θύσω  = to offer sacrifice

λέγω, λέξω = to say, speak

λείβω, λείψω = to pour

λούω, λούσω = to wash

μαρτυρέω, μαρτυρήσω = to bear witness

νικάω > ῶ, νικήσω = to win (a battle), defeat (an adversary)

παρέχω = to provide (cf. ἔχω)

παύω, παύσω = to stop (someone or something)

πείθω, πείσω = to persuade

πέμπω, πέμψω = to send

πίνω = to drink

πιστεύω, πιστεύσω = to trust, believe in

Πλάτων, ωνος, ὁ = Plato, the philosopher.  Noun of the 3rd declension.

προσβλέπω = to look at (+ acc)

προφέρω  = to bring forth (cf. φέρω).

ῥίπτω = to throw on the ground, cast out

τρέφω = to nourish

φέρω  = to bring, carry, bear

φεύγω = to flee, shun  

χορεύω, χορεύσω = to dance

Pronouns

ἐγώ = I

σύ  = you (sg)

ἐκεῖνος,, η, ο = "that ...," he /.she / it

ἡμεῖς = we

ὑμεῖς = you (pl)

ἐκεῖνοι,  αι, α =  "those...," they (the plural nominative of ἐκεῖνος,, η, ο)

Pronouns or Adjectives

τίς = who? which?

τί= what?  

Adjectives

ἀγαθός, ή, όν = good, brave

δίκαιος, α, ον = just, righteous

ἐμός, ή, όν = my (possessive adjective)

θαυμαστός, ή, όν = admirable

κακός, ή, όν  = bad, cowardly, evil

καλός, ή, όν = fine, noble

μακρός, ά, όν = large, great, long

μικρός, ά, όν = small

νέος, α, ον  = new, young

ὀρθός, ή, όν = straight, correct

παλαιός, ά, όν = old, ancient

πονηρός, ά, όν = wicked

σοφός, ή, όν = wise

χαλεπός, ή, όν = harsh, difficult

χρήσιμος, η, ον = useful

χρηστός, ή, όν =  beneficial, good

Adverbs

ἀεί / αἰεί = always

καί may be an adverb = also, too

κακῶς = badly

μή  = no, not (used instead of οὐ with commands)

νῦν  = now

οὐ / οὐκ   = no, not; it takes the form οὐκ  before a word beginning with a vowel, and the form  οὐχ before an aspirate consonant or a rough breathing.

Prepositions

ἀνά + acc = up along

ἀπό + gen = from

διά + gen = through, across

ἐκ + gen = out of

ἐν + dat = in, at

ἐς, εἰς + acc = to, toward, into

κατά + acc = down along, throughout, according to

κατά + gen = down from

ὑπό + acc = toward the base or the foot of; + dat = at the base or foot of

Conjunctions

ἀλλά = but

διότι = because

καί = and

Particles

ἆρα often introduces a question. It should not be translated.

γάρ = for (causal)

δέ (postpositive) = "and" or "but," depending on the context.

μέν ... δέ = when used as a pair of correlatives, they may connect or contrast two elements. They may be translated literally as "on the one hand"..."on the other hand."

οὖν = therefore