lesson 4 index         printable pages

Vocabulary in Lessons 1-4

Try to remember the highlighted vocabulary!  Note that from now on nouns will be listed in the standard manner, with nominative and genitive of the singular.

Article

ὁ, ἡ, τό  = the

Nouns

ἀδελφός, οῦ, ὁ = brother

ἄνθρωπος, ου, ὁ  = man (human being:  ἡ ἄνθρωπος means the woman)

ἀρετή, ῆς, ἡ = excellence, virtue, courage

βίος, ου, ὁ  = life

γεωργός, οῦ, ὁ  = farmer

γνώμη, ης, ἡ = proverb, opinion

δένδρον, ου, τό = tree, plant

διδάσκαλος, ου, ὁ  = teacher

δοῦλος, ου, ὁ  = slave

δῶρον, ου, τό  = gift

εἰρήνη, ης, ἡ = peace

ἔργον, ου, τό = work, deed

εὐαγγέλιον, ου, τό = gospel

ἡδονή, ῆς, ἡ = pleasure

θάνατος, ου, ὁ = death

θεός, οῦ, ὁ = god, God

θησαυρός, οῦ, ὁ = treasury

ἰατρός, οῦ, ὁ = doctor

ἱερόν, οῦ, τό = temple

ἵππος, ου, ὁ = horse

Ἰωάν(ν)ης = John

καρδία, ας, ἡ = heart

κόρη, ης, ἡ = girl

κύριος, ου, ὁ = master, lord

λόγος, ου, ὁ = story, reason; in Biblical Greek = word

λύπη, ης, ἡ = grief

Μοῦσα, Μούσης, ἡ = Muse, one of the goddesses of Greek mythology believed to protect the arts.  This noun belongs to a subgroup of the first declension to be studied in lesson 5.

ὁδός, οῦ, ἡ = way, journey

οἶκος, ου, ὁ = house

παράδεισος, ου, ὁ = garden, paradise

πεδίον, ου, τό = plain, field

πέτρα, ας, ἡ = rock, crag

πόλεμος, ου, ὁ = war

πόνος, ου, ὁ = toil, labor

σῖτος, , ου, ὁ = food

σκηνή, ῆς, ἡ = tent

τέκνον, ου, τό = child

τύχη, ης, ἡ = chance, fortune, destiny

ὕδωρ (neuter of the 3rd declension, not studied yet) = water

υἱός, οῦ, ὁ = son

ὕλη, ης, ἡ = wood

ὕπνος, ου, ὁ = sleep

φίλος, ου, ὁ  = friend

χαρά, ᾶς, ἡ = joy

Χριστός, οῦ, ὁ = Christ
 

Verbs

ἀκούω = to hear (+ genitive of the person, acc of the thing heard)

βαίνω = to walk, come, go. The future will be studied later

διδάσκω = to teach

διώκω = to chase, pursue

ἐγκωμιάζω = to praise

εἰσίν = they are

ἐστίν  = (he, she, it) is

ἔχω = to have

θαυμάζω, θαυμάσω = to admire, wonder at

θεραπεύω  = to heal, care for

θύω, θύσω  = to offer sacrifice

λέγω = to say, speak

λούω, λούσω = to wash

μαρτυρέω = to bear witness

παρέχω = to provide (cf. ἔχω). The future will be studied later.

παύω, παύσω = to stop (someone or something)

πείθω = to persuade

πιστεύω, πιστεύσω + dat = to trust, believe in

προφέρω  = to bring forth (cf. φέρω). The future will be studied later.

τρέφω = to nourish

φέρω = to bring, carry, bear

φεύγω = to flee, shun

χορεύω, χορεύσω = to dance

Pronouns

ἐγώ = I

σύ  = you (sg)

ἐκεῖνος = "that man," "that one," he

ἡμεῖς = we

ὑμεῖς = you (pl)

ἐκεῖνοι = "those men," "those," they (the plural nominative of ἐκεῖνοςτίς = who? which?

τί = what?

Adjectives

ἀγαθός, ή, όν = good, brave

δίκαιος, α, ον = just, righteous

ἐμός, ή, όν = my (possessive adjective)

κακός, ή, όν  = bad, cowardly, evil

καλός, ή, όν = fine, noble

μακρός, ά, όν = large, great, long

μικρός, ά, όν = small

νέος, α, ον  = new, young

ὀρθός, ή, όν = straight, correct

πονηρός, ά, όν = wicked

ῥάδιος, α, ον = easy

σοφός, ή, όν = wise

χαλεπός, ή, όν = harsh, difficult

χρήσιμος, η, ον = useful

χρηστός, ή, όν = beneficial, good

Adverbs

ἀεί / αἰεί = always

καί may be an adverb = also, too

κακῶς = badly

καλῶς = well, nicely, nobly

μή  = no, not (used instead of οὐ with commands)

οὐ = no, not

Prepositions

ἀνά + acc = up along

ἀπό + gen = from

διά + gen = through, across

ἐκ + gen = out of

ἐν + dat = in, at

ἐς, εἰς + acc = to, toward, into

κατά + gen = down from

ὑπό + acc = toward the base or the foot of; + dat = at the base or foot of

Conjunctions

ἀλλά = but

διότι = because

καί = and

Particles

ἆρα often introduces a question. It should not be translated.

γάρ = for (causal)

μέν ... δέ = when used as a pair of correlatives, they may connect or contrast two elements. They may be translated literally as "on the one hand"..."on the other hand."