information /
lesson 9 index printable pages
9.4: Adding the Aorist to the Greek verbal system
We now add the Aorist to the previous synopsis. Note how the Aorist Passive and the Future Passive are not included. Neither the Future nor the Aorist Middle may be used as passive. We will learn later a special stem upon which these two tenses of the Passive voice are based.
Note: This Aorist is called "First" to signify that it is regular. It can be built upon the Present stem. A Second Aorist, which we will learn soon, is not regular and has its own stem. They differ only in form, but their meanings and functions are the same. Compare "helped" (regular past tense) and "brought" (irregular).
ACTIVE VOICE
|
Stems |
Tenses |
Moods |
Indicative Mood |
Imperative Mood |
Infinitive (not a Mood) |
|
Present: παυ- |
Present Tense |
παύει he stops (someone or something) |
παυέτω let him stop (someone or something) |
παύειν to stop (someone or something) |
|
|
|
Imperfect Tense |
ἔπαυε he was stopping, used to stop (someone or something) |
Only the Indicative Mood has an Imperfect |
Only the Indicative Mood has an Imperfect |
|
|
Future: παυσ- |
Future Tense |
παύσει he will stop ( someone or something) |
NO FUTURE IMPERATIVE |
παύσειν to be about to stop (someone or something) |
|
|
Aorist: παυσα- |
Aorist Tense |
ἔπαυσε he stopped (s/one or s/thing) |
παυσάτω same translation as Present Imperative: let him stop (s/one or something)* |
παῦσαι same translation as Present Infinitive: stop (someone or something)* |
|
MIDDLE VOICE
|
Stems |
Tenses |
Moods |
Indicative Mood |
Imperative Mood |
Infinitive (not a Mood) |
|
Present: παυ- |
Present Tense |
παύεται he ceases, rests |
παυέσθω let him cease, rest |
παύεσθαι to cease. rest |
|
|
|
Imperfect Tense |
ἐπαύετο he was resting, used to rest |
Only the Indicative Mood has an Imperfect |
Only the Indicative Mood has an Imperfect |
|
|
Future: παυσ- |
Future Tense |
παύσεται he will cease, rest |
NO FUTURE IMPERATIVE |
παύσεσθαι to be about to stop, rest |
|
|
Aorist: παυσα- |
Aorist Tense |
ἐπαύσατο he ceased, rested |
παυσάσθω same translation as Present Imperative: let him cease, rest* |
παύσασθαι same translation as Present Infinitive: to cease, rest* |
|
PASSIVE VOICE
|
Stems |
Tenses |
Moods |
Indicative Mood |
Imperative Mood |
Infinitive (not a Mood) |
|
Present: παυ- |
Present Tense |
παύεται he is (being) stopped |
παυέσθω let him be stopped |
παύεσθαι to be stopped |
|
|
|
Imperfect Tense |
ἐπαύετο he was (being) stopped, used to be stopped
|
Only the Indicative Mood has an Imperfect |
Only the Indicative Mood has an Imperfect |
|
* AORIST IMPERATIVES AND INFINITIVES ARE INCLUDED HERE IN ORDER TO PRESENT A COMPLETE CHART, BUT THEIR FORMS WILL BE STUDIED IN THE SECOND SEMESTER.