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lesson 4 index  printable pages

4.3b:I.Declension of nouns and adjectives with the same endings

This chart shows the declension of the following phrases:

ὁ σοφὸς ἄνθρωπος = the wise man

ἡ σοφὴ γνώμη = the wise opinion / proverb

 μακρὰ χαρά = a great joy

 τὸ μικρὸν δῶρον = the small gift

The feminines have been chosen so that an  -η feminine adjective is shown with an  -η  noun of the first declension,and an  -α feminine adjective with an  -α noun. Similarities between article, adjective, and noun endings are highlighted.

	singular	plural
nom	ὁ σοφ-ὸς ἄνθρωπ-ος	οἱ σοφ-οὶ ἄνθρωπ-οι
gen	τοῦ σοφ-οῦ ἀνθρώπ-ου	τῶν σοφ-ῶν ἀνθρώπ-ων
dat	τῷ σοφ-ῷ ἀνθρώπ-ῳ	τοῖς σοφ-οῖς ἀνθρώπ-οις
acc	τὸν σοφ-ὸν ἄνθρωπ-ον	τοὺς σοφ-οὺς ἀνθρώπ-ους
voc	ὦ σοφ-ὲ  ἄνθρωπ-ε	ὦ σοφ-οὶ  ἄνθρωπ-οι

	singular	plural
nom	ἡ σοφ-ὴ γνώμ-η	αἱ σοφ-αὶ γνῶμ-αι
gen	τῆς σοφ-ῆς γνώμ-ης	τῶν σοφ-ῶν γνωμ-ῶν
dat	τῇ σοφ-ῇ γνώμ-ῃ	ταῖς σοφ-αῖς γνώμ-αις
acc	τὴν σοφ-ὴν γνώμ-ην	τὰς σοφὰς γνώμας
voc	ὦ σοφ-ὴ  γνώμ-η	ὦ σοφ-αὶ  γνῶμ-αι

	singular	plural
nom	μακρ-ὰ χαρ-ά	μακρ-αὶ χαρ-αί
gen	μακρ-ᾶς χαρ-ᾶς	μακρ-ῶν χαρ- ῶν
dat	μακρ-ᾷ χαρ-ᾷ	μακρ-αῖς χαρ-αῖς
acc	μακρ-ὰν χαρ-άν	μακρ-ὰς χαρ-άς
voc	ὦ μακρ-ὰ χαρ-ά	ὦ μακρ-αὶ χαρ-αί

	singular	plural
nom	τὸ μικρ-ὸν δῶρ-ον	τὰ μικρ-ὰ δῶρ-α
gen	τοῦ μικρ-οῦ δώρ-ου	τῶν μικρ-ῶν δώρ-ων
dat	τῷ μικρ-ῷ δώρ-ῳ	τοῖς μικρ-οῖς δώρ-οις
acc	τὸ μικρ-ὸν δῶρ-ον	τὰ μικρ-ὰ δῶρ-α
voc	ὦ μικρ-ὸν δῶρ-ον	ὦ μικρ-ὰ δῶρ-α

4.3b: II. The feminine article

It hasn’t escaped your attention, I am sure, that when we started handling feminine nouns we gave them an article, which naturally must also be feminine, since articles, like the adjectives, must agree with their nouns in gender, number, and case. Perhaps you noticed also that the article has a feminine in –η. Here is now the complete chart of the article, except for the vocative, which is rarely used.

SINGULAR				PLURAL
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nom	ὁ	ἡ	τό	οἱ	αἱ	τά
gen	τοῦ	τῆς	τοῦ	τῶν	τῶν	τῶν
dat	τῷ	τῇ	τῷ	τοῖς	ταῖς	τοῖς
acc	τόν	τήν	τό	τούς	τάς	τά